12/28/2023 0 Comments Lithium chemical![]() ![]() Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Lithium is also produced from brines such as those in Searles Lake, Calif., and in the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Some commercially important minerals are lepidolite, petalite, spodumene, and amblygonite. Lithium may be profitably extracted from ores containing as little as 1% lithium (measured as lithium oxide). It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali. Lithium is widely distributed in nature it is found in the soil, in plants, in animals, and in the human body. Lithium (from Greek: lithos, stone) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3. Lithium in the salt form has recently come into use as a medical treatment for bipolar disorder. In brief Electric car companies in North America plan to cut costs by adopting batteries made with the raw material lithium iron phosphate (LFP), which is less expensive than alternatives made with nickel and cobalt. Trace amounts of lithium and its compounds color a flame bright red they are used in pyrotechnics. In addition, lithium is used to scavenge small amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in electronic vacuum tubes. Lithium is added in small amounts to magnesium, aluminum, or lead-base alloys it is also used as a degasifier in iron, steel, and copper refining. Lithium compounds are used in the nuclear energy industry, in the preparation of plastics and synthetic rubber, and in the synthesis of vitamin A. Lithium is also used in electric storage cells, or batteries it is used in disposible, typically button-shaped batteries and in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in portable electronic devices. Lithium chloride and bromide are used as brazing and welding fluxes they are also used in air conditioning systems because they are very hygroscopic, i.e., they absorb moisture. Lithium carbonate is used in special glasses and ceramic glazes. One compound of major importance is lithium stearate, produced by cooking tallow (or other animal fat) with lithium hydroxide lithium stearate is used to transform oil into lithium-base lubricating greases, which have found extensive use in the automotive industry. Lithium also forms numerous organic compounds. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4) is an important reagent in organic chemistry. When heated it reacts directly with the halogens to form halides. Lithium forms many inorganic compounds, among them a hydride (LiH), a nitride (Li 3N), an oxide (lithia, Li 2O), a hydroxide (LiOH), a carbide (Li 2C 2), a carbonate (Li 2CO 3), and a phosphate (Li 3PO 4). It burns in air with a brilliant white flame. Lithium reacts with water less readily than sodium. ![]() Lithium metal is prepared by electrolysis of fused lithium chloride. Because it has high specific heat, it has found some use in cooling systems for nuclear reactors such use is limited because lithium is very corrosive. It is one of the alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table. Lithium lĭth´ēəm, metallic chemical element symbol Li at. ![]()
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